Sains Malaysiana
52(7)(2023): 2103-2114
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-16
Sound-Absorbing
Material Based Oil Palm Frond Natural Fibres
(Serat
Asli Pelepah Kelapa Sawit Berasaskan Bahan Penyerap Bunyi)
LAY
SHENG EWE1,*, WENG KEAN YEW2, HAI SONG WOON1 & ZAWAWI IBRAHIM3
1College of Engineering,
Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Putrajaya Campus, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN,
43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
2School of Engineering
and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University Malaysia, No 1, Jalan Venna P5/2,
Precint 5, 62200 Putrajaya, Malaysia
3Engineering and
Processing Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor,
Malaysia
Diserahkan: 4 Mac 2023/Diterima: 28 Jun 2023
Abstract
Effective
noise control is vital for improving living standards, but traditional sound
absorbers pose health risks. Natural fibers offer a sustainable alternative,
with consistent absorption rates across a broad frequency range. These fibers,
widely available in Malaysia, are non-toxic, lightweight, renewable, and
eco-friendly, making them an attractive option. The safety benefits of natural
fibers further enhance their appeal as sound absorbers, making them an
excellent choice for those concerned about environmental impact and personal
health. This study will examine the effect of different thicknesses on the
acoustic performance of natural fibers from oil palm fronds (OPF). The findings
demonstrate that, when material density is 160 kg/m3, all
thicknesses can achieve a good Sound Absorption Coefficient (SAC) of 0.8 or
greater within 3600 - 6400 Hz range. However, at 180 kg/m3 density,
only the 10 mm thickness sample has SAC of 0.8 or greater, but for 2800 - 6400
Hz range. It is worth noting that, across 0 - 6400 Hz, 10 mm thick and 180 kg/m3 density sample has higher SAC than 160 kg/m3 samples. Nevertheless,
for 12 mm, 14 mm, and 16 mm thicknesses, SAC of 160 kg/m3 is higher
than 180 kg/m3 after an interception point. Before that interception
point, SAC of 160 kg/m3 is lower than 180 kg/m3. As
thickness increases from 12 mm to 16 mm, the interception point decreases from
2100 Hz to 1600 Hz. The research demonstrates that various factors, such as
frequency, density, thickness, and fiber structure, impact the acoustic
performance of OPF LDF.
Keywords:
Density; oil palm frond (OPF); sound absorption coefficient (SAC); thickness
Abstrak
Kawalan
bunyi yang berkesan adalah penting untuk meningkatkan tahap kehidupan, tetapi
penyerap bunyi tradisional mempunyai risiko kesihatan. Serat semula jadi
menawarkan alternatif yang mampan dengan kadar penyerapan yang tekal merentasi
pelbagai julat frekuensi. Serat ini, yang melimpah di Malaysia, tidak toksik,
ringan, boleh diperbaharui dan mesra alam, menjadikannya pilihan yang menarik.
Manfaat keselamatan serat semula jadi lebih menambah daya tarikan mereka
sebagai penyerap bunyi, menjadikannya pilihan yang sangat baik bagi mereka yang
prihatin tentang impak alam sekitar dan kesihatan diri. Penyelidikan ini
mengkaji kesan ketebalan yang berbeza pada prestasi akustik serat semula jadi
daripada pelepah kelapa sawit (OPF). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa, apabila
ketumpatan bahan adalah 160 kg/m3, semua ketebalan dapat mencapai
Koefisien Penyerapan Bunyi (SAC) yang baik iaitu 0.8 atau lebih dalam julat
frekuensi 3600 - 6400 Hz. Walau bagaimanapun, pada ketumpatan 180 kg/m3,
hanya sampel ketebalan 10 mm yang mempunyai SAC 0.8 atau lebih, tetapi untuk
julat frekuensi 2800 - 6400 Hz. Perlu dicatat bahawa, merentasi julat 0 - 6400
Hz, sampel ketebalan 10 mm dan ketumpatan 180 kg/m3 mempunyai nilai
SAC yang lebih tinggi daripada sampel 160 kg/m3. Namun begitu, untuk
ketebalan 12 mm, 14 mm dan 16 mm, nilai SAC 160 kg/m3 lebih tinggi
daripada 180 kg/m3 selepas titik intersepsi. Sebelum titik
intersepsi itu, nilai SAC 160 kg/m3 lebih rendah daripada 180 kg/m3.
Apabila ketebalan meningkat daripada 12 mm ke 16 mm, titik intersepsi
berkurangan daripada 2100 Hz kepada 1600 Hz. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa
pelbagai faktor, seperti frekuensi, ketumpatan, ketebalan dan struktur serat,
mempengaruhi prestasi akustik OPF LDF.
Kata
kunci: Ketebalan; ketumpatan; koefisien penyerapan bunyi (SAC); pelepah kelapa
sawit (OPF)
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email:
laysheng@uniten.edu.my
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